In English:
Sutra in English : Common Cause (= SaadhaaraNa KaaraNa)
Swami Dayanand Saraswati Commentary : such as potter’s wheel, rod, etc., and direction, sky, and light, are called 'Common Cause'.
Comment in English : (Commentary — To properly understand these three, we give here a question answer on this subject from Chapter 8 of ‘Light of Truth’ by the author —
Q. How many causes are there of the universe?
A. Three – The Efficient, the Material, and the Common. The efficient cause is one by whose directed activity, a thing is made, and by the absence of whose directed activity nothing is made. It does not change itself, though it works changes in other things. The Material cause is one without which nothing can be made. It undergoes changes, is made and un-made. The common cause is one that is an instrument in the making of a thing and is common to many things.
The efficient cause is of two kinds — The Primary efficient cause is the Supreme Lord – the Governor of all, Who creates the universe from Matter (the Material Cause), sustains it, and then resolves it into its elementary form.
The secondary efficient cause is the Soul. He makes different materials out of the universe created by GOD and molds them into different shapes.
The Material cause is Matter, which is the material used in the making of the universe. Being devoid of intelligence it can neither make nor unmake itself, but is always made or unmade by a conscious intelligent being.)
In Hindi:
महर्षि दयानन्द व्याख्या : जैसे कि चाक, दण्ड आदि और दिशा, आकाश तथा प्रकाश हैं, इनको 'साधारण कारण' कहते हैं।